Financial services organizations operate in a business environment analogous,
in almost every respect, to manufacturers of finished goods. They transform
the raw material of investor-supplied capital into the added-value financial
products we know as residential mortgages or small business loans or credit
card accounts. In the process, financial services organizations work with a
diverse array of specialty suppliers (credit ratings agencies, title and appraisal
companies), loan servicers, investors, secondary marketers and brokers. Together,
these relationships constitute a supply chain as complex and sophisticated as
anything found in manufacturing.
As originators of most financial transactions and primary owners of the customer
relationship, financial institutions such as banks, mortgage originators and
brokerage houses are the fundamental engines that drive financial services supply
chains. With competition intensifying, these institutions have come under increasing
pressure to offer more desirable products at the lowest possible price. Like
manufacturers, their success in bringing better and more economical products
to market depends in large measure on their ability to procure materials and
services from business partners in the supply chain faster and at a lower cost.
In todays technological environment, business interactions with supply
chain partners are conducted increasingly through efficient, low-cost e-business
systems. As the efficiency and speed of these online systems increase, the individual
firms business activity becomes an increasingly collaborative process.
To respond optimally, supply chain partners need greater visibility into one
anothers operations and greater connectivity with one anothers information
and transaction processing systems. The entire supply chain must become one
extended electronic enterprise in which each participant has an increasing stake
in the success of its trading partners. And every link in the supply chain has
a major stake in the success of the originator. If financial institutions cannot
correctly perceive and satisfy the needs of the customer, then the whole supply
chain withers.
Enterprise application integration (EAI) and supply chain management (SCM)
are two of the terms people use to describe the work of linking e-business systems
together across the supply chain. Whether they realize it or not, financial
services enterprises have been in the EAI business for a long time. The banking
industrys longstanding attempts to automate payments for checks though
automated clearinghouses and credit cards are familiar examples. The securities
industrys quests for STP (straight-through processing) and T+1 (trade
date + one day) settlement are others.
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